CHRISTMAS


Special thanks to Edouard and Marius for their oral presentation on Christmas





Pulling the crackers: a lot of fun !

DIY projects for Christmas



Manon's Christmas stocking



Pauline 's 


Marius's 



Laetitia 's DIY

                                              How is Christmas Celebrated in Britain?

Christmas is a truly magical season, bringing families and friends together to share the much loved customs and traditions which have been around for centuries. 
Most people are on holiday in the UK and stay at home with their family on Christmas day, the main day for Christmas celebrations in Britain. 

Christmas is celebrated on the 25th December, with a Christmas dinner at midday for the whole family.
 It is a  Bank Holiday / Public Holiday 
                                                   


How do the British prepare for Christmas?

During the weeks before Christmas Day, the British send cards, watch nativity plays and go to carol services. They put up Christmas decorations in their homes and churches.

                                Boxing Day :26th December (Bank Holiday)   

 Like Christmas Day, Boxing Day is a public holiday. This means it is typically a non working day in the whole of Britain. When Boxing Day falls on a Saturday or Sunday the following Monday is the public holiday.


Why is 26 December called Boxing Day?

Traditionally, 26 December was the day to open the Christmas Box to share the contents with the poor.                                                
                                                                    BRITISH  TRADITIONS



What is Carol Singing?
CarolersCarol singing, or Caroling, is singing carols in the street or public places. It is one of the oldest customs in Great Britain, going back to the Middle Ages when beggars, seeking food, money, or drink, would wander the streets singing holiday songs. © copyright of projectbritain.com
People today still go carol singing. People go from house to house singing carols and collecting money for charity. 
The traditional period to sing carols is from St Thomas's Day (21 December) until the morning of Christmas Day.

lights
 
CHRISTMAS PUDDING




 



                           Mince Pies                           A traditional British Christmas treat!

Learn about Christmas in England from the children who live in Britain Christmas traditions why do what we do at chrsitmas time Mince pies are an essential part of Christmas. They are made from minced fruit not meat. In the US, the filling is known by the more accurate name "fruitmince". 
What are Mince pies?
They are small pies, usually between 2 and 3 inches in diameter (5-7.5 centimetres), filled with mincemeat (fruitmince).
Ingredients of Mince Pies
The filling is a mixture of raisins, sultanas, apricots, glace cherries, candied citrus peel, apples, various types of nuts and mixed spices typically nutmeg and cinnamon.



Another popular English tradition is that of the Christmas cracker




 These brightly coloured paper tubes  are still widely distributed at Christmas parties and gatherings today. When two people come together to pull the cracker apart, it releases a loud snap and then drops a small trinket or gift.

 Taking the plunge

"It's difficult to understand how diving into a freezing body of water on Christmas Day ever caught on, but it has become an annual custom in Britain (brave Londoners leap into the Serpentine on Hyde Park or, pictured here, Brighton beach), Ireland (where many head for the chilly Irish Sea), and France (there's an  annual dip in Nice)."

(telegraph.co.uk)
 

Here is the Queen's Christmas message 2011 (lots of British people watched it on TV ) 
The Queen has used her annual Christmas Day broadcast to speak of courage and hope in adversity.



Enjoy these Christmas  pictures in the British Isles!

LONDON (England)



 

DUBLIN  (Republic of Ireland)


 
BELFAST (Northern Ireland)
  
CARDIFF (Wales)



EDINBURGH (Scotland):around the Princes Street Gardens.



Revise your vocabulary !


Christmas treeChristmas wreathHollyPonsettias
Sapin de NoëlCouronne de NoëlHouxPoinsettia
Christmas garland(Christmas)  baubleTinselsStar
Guirlande de NoëlBoule de NoëlGuirlandes décorativesÉtoile
CandlesBow BellsJingle bells /sleigh bells
BougiesNoeudClochesgrelots
LightsStockingOrnamentsChristmas market
Guirlandes lumineusesChaussette de NoëlDécorationsMarché de Noël



Christmas world 
Santa Claus/Father ChristmasBobsleigh/Bob sleighReindeerElves
Père NoëlTraîneauRenneElfs / Lutins
ListChimneyFireplaceGifts / Presents
ListeCheminéeCheminéeCadeaux / Présents
ToysCarol singersChristmas carolVow card
JouetsChanteursChant de NoëlCarte de voeux

Christmas Eve dinner
Christmas Eve dinnerTurkeyGingerbread cookiesChristmas cake/pudding
Réveillon de NoëlDindeCookies en pain d'épiceGâteau de Noël
Yule logEgg-nog/Eggnog/EggflipChocolateCandy cane
Bûche pâtissièreLait de pouleChocolatSucre candy en forme de canne


 
 


RECIPE :Christmas pudding

 
 Amount  Measure       Ingredient -- Preparation Method
--------  ------------  --------------------------------
   2      cups          Pillsbury's Best All Purpose Flour* -- sifted
     1/3  cup           sugar
   1 1/4  teaspoons     soda
   1      teaspoon      salt
   1      teaspoon      French's Cinnamon
     1/4  teaspoon      French's Ginger
     1/4  teaspoon      French's Nutmeg
     1/4  teaspoon      French's Cloves
   1      cup           suet -- ground or grated
   1       cup          buttermilk or sour milk
   1      cup           raisins
     1/3  cup           molasses
                        Butterscotch, Nutmeg or Hard Sauce

STEAM for 2 to 2 1/2 hours.Sift together the flour, sugar, soda, salt, cinnamon, ginger, nutmeg and
cloves. Stir in suet, buttermilk or sour milk, raisins, and molasses.  Mix
until dry ingredients are moistened.  Turn into well-greased 2-quart mold or
casserole.  Cover with tight cover or aluminum foil.  Place on rack in large
steamer or kettle.  Add boiling water to height of 2 inches in steamer,
cover.  Steam 2 to 2 1/2 hours or until pudding springs back when touched
lightly in center.**  Serve hot, cut into slices with Butterscotch, Nutmeg,
or Hard Sauce.  
*For use with Pillsbury's Best Self-Rising Flour, omit soda and salt.
**If desired, Christmas Pudding may be baked in a 300 degree oven.  Place  a
pan of water in oven.  Cover pudding and bake 1 1/2 to 1 3/4 hours.

Butterscotch Sauce:  Combine 1 cup firmly packed brown sugar, 2 tablespoons
flour and 1/8 teaspoons salt.  Stir in 1 cup cream and 1 cup milk. Cook over
medium heat, stirring constantly, until slightly thickened.

Hard Sauce:  Cream 1/2 cup butter. Add gradually 2 cups sifted confectioners'
sugar, creaming until light and fluffy.  Blend in 1/8 teaspoon salt, 1
tablespoon boiling water, 1 teaspoon French's Vanilla and 2 teaspoons
French's Rum or Brandy Flavoring, if desired.  Chill until serving time.

Nutmeg Sauce:  Cream 1/4 cup butter. Gradually add 1/2 cup sugar, creaming
until light and fluffy.  Blend in 1 egg yolk, 1 1/2 tablespoons flour and 1
teaspoon French's Vanilla. Gradually add 1 1/4 cups boiling water. Cook in
top of double boiler over boiling water, stirring constantly until slightly
thickened. Stir in 1/4 teaspoon French's Nutmeg.

                   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
CHRISTMAS GAMES 
Have a good fun !!
1 - http://www.primarygames.com/holidays/christmas/games/hideandsock/ 
2 - http://www.primarygames.com/holidays/christmas/games/santasquiz/

THE ROMANS IN GB



  
To revise your lessons: :http://www.brims.co.uk/romans/

Test your knowledge on the Romans:do the following quiz :http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/primaryhistory/romans/city_of_rome/teachers_resources.shtml
phttp://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/quiz/q59271769://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/quiz/q59271769h

tml
Special thanks to Alix for his oral presentation!



The Roman Empire


http://www.roman-empire.net/maps/map-empire.html


CLOTHES



Roman clothes
What clothes did men wear in Roman times?
Men wore a knee-length tunic (chilton), either sleeveless or short-sleeved. Roman men wore a cloak over their tunic, which was like a wide shawl that was draped over the shoulder and carefully wrapped around the body.

Important Romans dressed in a long robe called a toga.
Women clothes


What clothes did women wear?
Women wore a longer tunic which was often ankle-length. Over this the women wore a stola which was a full length from neck to ankle, high- waisted and fastened at the shoulders with clasps.
Rich women wore long tunics made from expensive cotton or silk.
 They also wore lots of jewellery and make-up, strong scent and elaborate hairstyles. They had specially trained slaves to help them dress, arrange their hair and put make up on their faces.

What did Roman children wear?
Boys wore a tunic down to their knees and a cloak if it was cold.
Rich boys wore a toga which had a purple border.
Girls wore a tunic with a woolen belt tied around their waists.
Children wore a special charm around their neck called a bulla. It was given to them when they were a few days old.

Drawing of a man wearing a togaWhen did men wear a toga?



Only men who were Roman citizens could wear a toga. 
They wore it when they wanted to look smart, like wearing a suit today. 
The toga was made from white wool or white Egyptian linen. It was square or rectangular in shape and was worn draped around the body. A tunic was always worn under a toga.
Colours were used for special occasions or to show peoples rank.
 Only the Emperor was a allowed to wear a purple toga. Purple dye was very expensive and so by wearing the colour, an Emperor would be showing off how important he was.











GAME : dress a Roman woman !
http://www.innovationslearning.co.uk/subjects/history/activities/dress_character/roman_woman.htm

Roman Entertainment

The Romans liked to go out and enjoy themselves.



Roman Amphitheatre

Roman amphitheatre

The Roman amphitheatre was the centre of public entertainment in Rome, and all over the Roman Empire. 
People would go to the amphitheatre to see men fighting wild beasts or each other. These men were called gladiators who were mainly slaves or prisoners. It was a cruel sport because someone was usually killed.




Roman Stadium

The stadium (or circus) was used for chariot-racing. A stadium had a long rectangular enclosure, curved at one end, with seats all around except at the the end opposite the curve. Down the middle was the spine (spina), which the chariots hurtled around, lap after lap, trying to cut in front of each other.
A stadium has been discovered at Colchester. This is the first and only stadium so far found in the UK. Rome had eight chariot stadiums.

Chariot Racing
Chariot-racing was a very popular sport all over the Roman Empire.
Roman chariots were ultra lightweight and flimsy. There was just enough room for a man to stand on and hold the reins. In an accident, the chariot would fall to pieces in an instant and hurl the charioteer out.
There were three main types of chariots:
  1. Two-horse chariots (biga)
  2. Three-horse chariot (triga)
  3. Four-horse chariot (quadra)
Charioteers were usually slaves


Roman Baths

The Romans liked to keep themselves clean. Many Romans visit the Thermae (public baths). Every town had its own bath complex (like a large swimming pool).
Find out more

Plan of Bath house

Roman bath in Bath (England)

Roman Theatres

Most Roman cities had a theatre. Like Greek theatres, the Roman theatre had three parts: the stage, the orchestra, and the auditorium. 
The auditorium was semi-circular with rows of seats rising up from the flat semi-circular chorus area at the bottom.
 The stage area faced the auditorium on the far side of the orchestra.
Performances were often part of religious festivals.
The actors were men with each actor playing several roles. They wore simple costumes that could be changed quickly and in public. To help distinguish the characters  young men were portrayed by wearing brightly coloured clothing, while old men were portrayed wearing white. Different coloured wigs were also worn. Grey wigs represented old men, black wigs represented young men, and red wigs represented slaves.
There were four kinds of performances:
  • Comedies
  • Tragedies
  • Farces
  • Pantomimes
Entertaining at Home
Dinner parties

The best way to show off your house was at a dinner party. Dinner parties were very popular, and it was common to throw one for quests who had spent the day at the amphitheatre.

The dinner parties were held in the triclinium (dining room). They often lasted up to eight hours. 
The Romans did not sit on chairs around the table like we do today. Instead the adults lay on sloping couches situated around a square table. 
Only small children or slaves were permitted to eat sitting.
Entertainment during the parties included actors performing a scene from a popular play or a dancing display.

HISTORY: 1-THE CELTS


REVISIONS  for your test  :


1 - Dig deep into the lives of the Iron Age Celts through games, stories and activities.:
Click on the following link::http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/celts/

2- How well do you know your lessons?

Click on the following links:
1 - http://www.caedraw.merthyr.sch.uk/CAEDRA~1/Celts_Quiz.html
2 -http://uk3.hotpotatoes.net/ex/79109/ATUZGTKI.php